India spent decades fearing a population explosion. But a new EAC-PM working paper says the real question may now be the opposite.India's total fertility rate is now 1.9, below the replacement level of 2.1. Without Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, it's 1.6. Births peaked at about 29.3 million in 2001 and have fallen to around 23.2 million, roughly the 1974 level.Yet, the paper argues, parts of India's population-control machinery are still running. Sterilisations trigger cash payments to the patient, the ASHA worker and the doctor. About 80% of family-planning incentive budgets go to sterilisation. And Tamil Nadu is funding 1.6 lakh sterilisations in the same year it extended maternity leave for a third child.In this video:What India's falling fertility rate really meansWhy the population is still growing, for nowWhat China's one-child policy teaches IndiaHow sterilisation incentives work, and who gets paidTamil Nadu's policy contradiction and Andhra Pradesh's U-turnWhat the paper recommends, and what it doesn't

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