US President Donald Trump has signed two executive orders seeking to restrict birthright citizenship, renewing his administration’s push to narrow the constitutional provision.

The White House said the measures, signed on Thursday, are intended to protect “the meaning and value of American citizenship.” Trump’s initial effort, launched in January 2025, which sought to deny automatic citizenship to certain children born on US soil by immigrant parents, was struck down by the Supreme Court in June.

The first new order broadens the categories of children who would not qualify for birthright citizenship under the administration’s interpretation of the 14th Amendment. Existing exceptions include children of foreign diplomats and, under established constitutional language, those born to enemy forces occupying US territory. People born in American Samoa also do not automatically become American citizens at birth under current federal law.

Trump’s order seeks to add children whose parents belong to organizations designated as terrorist groups to the list of exclusions. It also targets cases in which parents allegedly engage in a “commercial transaction” or “fraudulent activity” for the purpose of obtaining US citizenship for a child, while seeking to expand restrictions affecting the children of some foreign workers.

The second order directs the US State Department and Department of Homeland Security to step up enforcement against so-called “birth tourism,” which it describes as “thriving industries around the world that profit by enabling the evasion of American immigration laws.” Obtaining a US visa by misrepresenting the purpose of a trip, including concealing an intention to travel primarily to give birth, is already prohibited.

The measures are expected to face new legal challenges. Cody Wofsy, deputy director of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and an attorney involved in litigation over Trump’s earlier birthright citizenship policy, said the president’s latest attempt to “rewrite” the constitutional guarantee would “meet the same fate as the last one.”

Restricting birthright citizenship is an aspect of Trump’s broader immigration agenda, which was a central theme of his campaign for a second term.