The US is “very much in a space race” against China as the two nations look to land humans on the Moon and establish permanent bases there in the coming years, NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman has said.

The US remains the only country to have sent manned missions to the Moon, with American astronauts visiting the Earth’s satellite six times as part of the Apollo program between 1969 and 1972.

During an interview with ‘Face the Nation’ on CBS on Sunday, Isaacman stressed that the Chinese “will land their taikonauts on the Moon – there’s no question.” Beijing’s lunar program is “moving at incredible speeds,” he added.

“The question is – will the US return before them and will we do so in a different way this time? Will we build the base, establish that enduring presence? I think the answer is yes,” the NASA chief said.

According to Isaacman, the American and Chinese timelines for putting humans on the Moon are very close. “They are thinking in 2029, we’re saying end of 2028 is when we’re targeting the landing. That’s months, not years,” he explained.

The US sent a crew on a flyby of the Moon in April as part of its Artemis mission in preparation for a planned landing in two years’ time.

NASA will also begin building a lunar base in 2027, so when astronauts reach the surface “there’s going to be a buggy there, a lunar terrain vehicle, there’s going to be a start of infrastructure,” Isaacman said.

“But I would say, early 2030s, the Moon is going to be like the International Space Station. You’re going to have crews that are there on pretty extended periods of time, as we learn in that environment and prepare for Mars,” he added.

Beijing has repeatedly said it has no intention of engaging in a space race with Washington, with Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Guo Jiakun reiterating earlier this year that “space is not an arena for major country contest.”

“China will continue to work with various countries for open space cooperation and advance the common endeavor of humanity in exploring outer space,” Guo said.

China proposed working together with the US but NASA remains legally banned from any collaboration with China’s space agency under the 2011 Wolf Amendment.

Instead, China has expanded cooperation in space with Russia in recent years. In 2021, the two countries announced the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) project, with Russia seeking to build a power station on the Moon to provide energy for a base within the next decade.