Improving efficiency has become a critical priority for governments worldwide, especially given rising financial pressures. In the United States, gross federal debt had surged to US$35.5 trillion by the end of last year, and servicing it accounts for 16 per cent of federal spending.

In response, the new Trump administration established the controversial Department of Government Efficiency (Doge) to reduce public spending. However, its lack of independent oversight and the concentration of power have ignited an intense debate over transparency and fairness. The fact that Doge’s “big bang” approach has alienated stakeholders also underscores the importance of fostering collaboration and a gradual implementation to ensure sustainable reform.