The insects belong to the genus Batracomorphus, a group of leafhoppers. Dr. Alvin Helden discovered the new species while conducting fieldwork in the tropical rainforest of Uganda.

The name Batracomorphus comes from Greek and means "frog-shaped." These leafhoppers are usually green and have large eyes. They move by jumping with long hind legs that sit alongside their bodies, giving them a frog-like appearance.

Details of Dr. Helden's findings were published in the journal Zootaxa. The discoveries represent the first new Batracomorphus species recorded in Africa since 1981.

Before this study, scientists had identified only 375 species of Batracomorphus worldwide, with just two documented in the United Kingdom. All seven newly discovered species were collected using light traps in rainforest areas more than 1,500m above sea level in Uganda's Kibale National Park.

How Scientists Confirm New Leafhopper Species

One of the most difficult parts of the research was proving that the insects represented species that had never been documented before. Leafhoppers in this genus appear almost identical externally, making visual identification extremely difficult.

To distinguish them, scientists must examine the insects' genital structures. This is the only reliable way to tell species apart.

Leafhoppers reproduce using what scientists call a "lock and key" system. In this process, the male genitalia act as the key and have a unique shape that fits only with the corresponding female structures of the same species.

These intricate structures are made from the same durable material as the insects' exoskeleton. Because of this precise match, successful reproduction occurs only between members of the same species, preventing hybridization.

Why Leafhoppers Matter to Ecosystems

Dr. Helden, an entomologist and member of the Ecology, Evolution and Environment Research Centre at Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), said: "Leafhoppers are beautiful, endearing creatures. Although some can be pests, and are associated with crops such as maize and rice, overall leafhoppers are a really undervalued group of herbivores.

"They are an important source of food for birds and other insects, and their presence is a sign of a healthy ecosystem.

"Finding these new species has taken a lot of painstaking fieldwork in the rainforest, dealing with heat and humidity, but it is incredibly satisfying to find species previously unknown to science -- it makes all the hard work worthwhile.

"I've named six of the leafhoppers, in Greek, after their distinctive features or where they were found. One, Batracomorphus ruthae, carries a very personal meaning. It honors my mother, Ruth, who I lost in 2022.

"Ruth was a scientist, who worked in a hospital laboratory. She bought me my first microscope, which I still have, and encouraged my love of science from the very beginning, so naming a species after her feels like the most fitting tribute I could give."