La marchitez por Fusarium asociada al banano
constituye una amenaza fitosanitaria persistente
por su naturaleza edáfica y la limitada eficacia de
estrategias químicas convencionales. Se evaluó in
vitro el potencial antagonista de tres aislados de
Trichoderma spp. (T1–T3) frente a Fusarium spp., y se caracterizó su actividad quitinolítica y proteo-
lítica como componentes funcionales vinculados al biocontrol. El antagonismo se cuantificó mediante confrontación dual en placa, estimando el porcen-
taje de inhibición del crecimiento radial (PIRG, %) en los días 3, 5, 7 y 15. La actividad enzimática se determinó con ensayos cinéticos espectrofotométricos (0–25 min) bajo condiciones de cultivo estático y agitado, con derivación de métricas integrativas y de fase temprana (tasa inicial, 0-10 min). Los resultados evidenciaron inhibición del crecimiento del patógeno a lo largo del periodo de incubación y perfiles diferenciados de actividad quitinolítica y proteolítica entre aislados y condiciones de cultivo. El antagonismo se asoció de manera positiva con los indicadores enzimáticos, con correlaciones significativas entre PIRG (%) y métricas de actividad lítica (r = 0.72–0.77; p < 0.001), lo que respalda la coherencia funcional entre inhibición del patógeno y expresión de actividades hidrolíticas. En conjunto, la evidencia experimental sustenta el potencial de Trichoderma spp. como agente de control biológico frente a Fusarium spp. asociado a banano y proporciona una base cuantitativa para su comparación y selección.
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