Biosensing technology represents a core and often underappreciated pillar upon which most of the major discoveries in the life sciences rest. The development of new biosensing materials and methodologies has continually enabled life-saving advancements in medical diagnostics, drug discovery, and environmental monitoring, to name only a few major areas. Surface-based biosensing techniques mark a major subclass of biosensors, ranging from the simple colorimetric lateral flow assays found in COVID-19 tests to powerful techniques used for characterizing the binding behavior of a broad range of biological interactions. Among these is surface plasmon resonance (SPR), a highly sensitive real-time biosensing modality that has been used extensively in the fields of drug discovery, vaccine research, toxicology, and fundamental explorations of other biophysical interactions. The aim of the work presented in this dissertation is the advancement of all major aspects of the SPR sensing workflow,...