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COVID-19 y enfermedad periodontal: Patogénesis y prevención. Revisión Sistemática

Дата публикации: 18-07-2026 19:58:18

Esta investigación documental analizó la relación entre la enfermedad periodontal (EP) y la COVID-19, así como la escasa evidencia sobre estrategias educativas para prevenir la EP durante la pandemia. Se revisaron 118 artículos publicados en los últimos cinco años, seleccionados sistemáticamente desde bases como PubMed, SciELO, Redalyc, Google Scholar, Web of Science y Cochrane Library. El análisis bibliométrico, realizado con VOSviewer, reveló una tendencia mundial variable y una débil interacción intelectual entre ambas variables. La mayoría de los estudios reportaron una asociación significativa entre la EP y complicaciones o desenlaces adversos en pacientes con COVID-19. Se identificaron mecanismos fisiopatológicos comunes, como procesos infecciosos e inflamatorios y alteraciones en los perfiles de citocinas, que podrían agravar la severidad de la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Además, se describieron estrategias educativas y convencionales para la prevención de la EP, aunque se evidenció una limitada producción científica sobre educación sanitaria en este contexto. Se concluye que la EP podría influir en el curso clínico de la COVID-19, y que la prevención mediante educación requiere mayor atención investigativa. Este vacío representa una oportunidad para validar estrategias educativas integradas, aprovechando recursos digitales y presenciales, con el fin de fortalecer la salud bucal en escenarios pandémicos y postpandémicos

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