U.S. District Court Judge Mary Rowland’s decision to certify the lawsuit as a class action sharply raises the stakes in the case and increases the pressure on city officials to reach a settlement to reduce the costs to taxpayers. Chicago taxpayers have already paid $3.4 million to defend the lawsuit that accuses the CPD of making more than 1.5 million traffic stops between 2016 and 2023 based on dubious evidence of minor violations that took direct aim at Black and Latino Chicagoans but spared White Chicagoans.