Spain imposed reciprocal entry checks on Saturday on people traveling from fellow EU and NATO member Italy – in response to border controls introduced by Rome following a massive influx of migrants into Ceuta, a Spanish enclave in Morocco.

The border controls on Italy, which are in response to “the persistent irregular migratory pressure affecting the transalpine country,” will be in effect from midnight ‌Saturday until September 7, the Spanish Interior Ministry said in a statement. Border agents will check passports, nationality, and visas for Italian passengers and visitors from other countries arriving from Italy.

Around 72,000 people illegally entered Ceuta last week in a matter of hours, reigniting fears of a new migrant crisis in Europe. Although the majority have since been sent back, between 3,000 and 5,000 migrants remain on Spanish territory, according to local officials.

The surge came shortly after Spain’s Supreme Court ruled that migrants intercepted at sea while trying to swim into Ceuta or Melilla could not be immediately deported. According to Reuters, migrants were also encouraged by misleading viral videos on social media.

Several EU leaders responded to the incident by calling for Spain to be excluded from the bloc’s Schengen borderless travel zone. On August 1, Italy introduced temporary border controls on travelers arriving from Spain. Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni said the measure was adopted to “safeguard national security and prevent possible repercussions.”

On Friday, the Spanish government slammed the decision as “unfair and discriminatory” and called on Rome to “treat Spaniards in the same way as other European citizens.”

“If it fails to do so by the end of Sunday, August 9, Spain will be forced to adopt proportionate measures to protect the interests and dignity of its citizens,” the government said in a statement on its website. It argued that Ceuta’s special status prevents irregular migrants from freely entering the Schengen Area, while Spain has in the past taken in some of the migrants who arrived on Italian shores or were rescued in the Mediterranean Sea.

The dispute highlights the rift between Meloni’s center-right government and the left-wing government of Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez. Meloni has cultivated a warm relationship with US President Donald Trump, who in recent years has heavily criticized Sanchez for refusing to raise Spain’s defense spending to 5% of GDP and for being a vocal opponent of Trump’s war with Iran.

Under Sanchez, Spain has also frequently criticized US ally Israel over its war in Gaza and recognized Palestinian statehood in 2024.

Last week, the US State Department argued that the crisis in Ceuta was caused by Spain’s “deliberate efforts to enable and facilitate mass illegal migration into Europe.”